Fully elaborated circuit diagrams, done in the same style ... with a grain of salt — these are all useful for generic microcontroller-based projects. So whether you want to drive a 12 V solenoid ...

Fully elaborated circuit diagrams, done in the same style ... with a grain of salt — these are all useful for generic microcontroller-based projects. So whether you want to drive a 12 V solenoid ...

These two interface types will dictate the number of pins that will be required by the microcontroller. Figure 1 shows a generic example of a block diagram with the i/o requirements listed. The ...