This paper presents a comparative theoretical study of amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. In the first part, the fundamental mathematical expressions for the three types of modulation are ...

This paper presents a comparative theoretical study of amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. In the first part, the fundamental mathematical expressions for the three types of modulation are ...

Amplitude modulation (AM) was first introduced to enable long-range wireless audio communication, representing a major advancement over wireless telegraphy using spark-gap transmitters. Understanding ...

Phase modulation is mathematically equivalent to frequency modulation, but it produces a different sound because it affects the phase relationships between the harmonics of the output signal.

Jitter and frequency modulation both involve a change in the frequency of an underlying signal. It’s worth investigating how the two phenomenon differ. Jitter is usually defined as an undesired ...

Modulation index estimation is important in the demodulation and recognition of Angle Modulation (AM) signals which include Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM) signals. In this paper, ...

There are three main differences between the AM and FM receivers and these are the band pass (15:40), the frequency modulation receiver (16:03) and the amplitude variations. A diagram of the AM ...