A programming ... database or in an object database if the data have a complex structure. See O-R mapping and object database. There are three major features in object-oriented programming that ...

This privacy makes encapsulation stronger (that is, it reduces the amount of information available between ... helps make the structure of almost any object-oriented programming language clear.

Before Object Oriented Programming ... no relationship between the data being used and the procedures which used them. One procedure could alter a data structure and then a seemingly unrelated ...