In Python 2, strings were ASCII by default, which made handling of non-ASCII characters a bit cumbersome. However, Python 3 introduced a significant change by making strings Unicode by default.

• Python's default case-sensitive behavior can lead to unexpected results when dealing with certain Unicode characters. For example, the lowercase form of the Greek capital letter sigma ...

d |= other - Added in Python 3.9. The case-insensitivity is achieved by matching any key values as their casefolded values. By default, the casefolding is performed with str.casefold() for unicode ...

Structural pattern matching introduces the match/case statement and the pattern syntax to Python. The match/case statement follows the same basic outline as switch/case.