All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology ...

A key process input variable (KPIV) is a process input that provides a significant impact on the output variation of a ...

However, the simple flow chart of Input, process, and output are still used to visualise how the system performs. With mechanical control systems the input is supplied by movement, this is known ...