In particular, it explains that humans have one fewer chromosome pair in their cells than apes, due to a mutation found in chromosome number 2 that caused two chromosomes to fuse into one.

Why are the human sex chromosomes called “X” and “Y,” while the other 22 chromosomes are identified only by numbers? The answer begins in the late 1800s, when insect gonad cells, whose large ...

Thus, in her experiments, McClintock observed several fundamental properties of chromosome biology; specifically, she noticed that cells do not tolerate the presence of unprotected chromosome ends ...