One thing that hasn't changed, however, is the basic fact that all of these languages, despite all their interesting features or capabilities, eventually end up in the lingua franca of the Java ...

Not anymore. Last year, [Michael] wrote Java Grinder, a Java byte-code compiler that compiles classes into assembly language instead of being part of a JVM. This effectively turns Java from a Just ...

The language, which has some similarities to C and C++, usually compiles to a bytecode that can, in theory, run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The intention was to allow programmers to Write Once ...

The compiler can also add additional code to the program if required. After compiling the source code (a .java file), the compiler generates intermediate object code called bytecode which is a .class ...

Java chips were designed to speed up applications by natively executing Java bytecode. Introduced in the late 1990s, designs were licensed to several manufacturers. The microJava chip was targeted ...