Python allows free creation of plots, unlike expensive, stagnant graphing calculators. Import NumPy and Matplotlib for basic ...

The Rosenbrock function, also referred to as the Valley or Banana function, is a popular test problem for gradient-based optimization algorithms. It is shown in the plot above in its two-dimensional ...

The Rastrigin function has several local minima. It is highly multimodal, but locations of the minima are regularly distributed. It is shown in the plot above in its two-dimensional form. The function ...