The European Union voted on Friday to impose tariffs as high as 45% on electric vehicles from China, threatening a broader trade conflict with Beijing which has already vowed to protect its companies.

European Union member countries agreed Friday to proceed with the imposition of tarrifs on Chinese electric vehicles exactly one year after launching a probe into whether Beijing was subsidizing its domestic EV industry.

Despite opposition from Germany, the European Union will start imposing tariffs as high as 45 percent on Chinese-made electric vehicles. Elon Musk’s marque takes the smallest hit.